Cov qauv yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub koob yees duab module

Basic qauv ntawm lub koob yees duab module

I. Lub koob yees duab qauv thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm

Qhov xwm txheej raug tua los ntawm lub lens, cov duab tsim kho qhov muag tau npaj rau ntawm lub sensor, thiab tom qab ntawd cov duab kho qhov muag tau hloov mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob, uas tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov teeb liab digital los ntawm analog-to-digital conversion.Cov teeb liab digital yog ua tiav los ntawm DSP thiab xa mus rau lub khoos phis tawj ua haujlwm, thiab thaum kawg hloov mus rau hauv cov duab uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub xov tooj screen.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm digital signal processing (DSP) chip: optimize the digital image signals parameters through a series of complex mathematical algorithms, and transfer the processed signals to PCs and other devices through USB and other interfaces.DSP qauv ncej:
1, ISP (cov duab teeb liab processor)
1. ISP (cov duab teeb liab processor)
2, JPEG encoder
2. JPEG encoder
3, USB ntaus ntawv maub los
3. USB ntaus ntawv maub los

Muaj ob hom koob yees duab sensors,

Ib qho yog CCD (Chagre Couled Device) sensor, uas yog, them cov khoom sib txuas.
Lwm qhov yog CMOS (Complementary Hlau-Oxide Semiconductor) sensor, uas yog, ntxiv hlau oxide semiconductor.
Qhov zoo ntawm CCD yog nyob rau hauv cov duab zoo, tab sis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov nyuaj, tus nqi siab, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob siab.Nyob rau tib qhov kev daws teeb meem, CMOS pheej yig dua CCD, tab sis cov duab zoo yog qis dua CCD.Piv nrog CCD, CMOS duab sensor muaj qis zog noj.Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev nce qib ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov duab zoo ntawm CMOS kuj tau txhim kho tas li.Yog li ntawd, cov koob yees duab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tam sim no ntawm kev ua lag luam txhua tus siv CMOS sensors.

Cov qauv yooj yim ntawm lub koob yees duab xov tooj ntawm tes
Lens: sib sau ua ke lub teeb thiab ua qhov chaw rau saum npoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov duab.
Duab sensor: qhov nruab nrab imaging, uas hloov cov duab (lub teeb teeb liab) projected los ntawm lub lens rau saum npoo mus rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob teeb liab.
Lub cev muaj zog: tsav lub zog ntawm lub lens, kom lub lens ua cov duab meej rau saum npoo ntawm cov duab nruab nrab.
Xim lim: Qhov xwm txheej pom los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev, thiab cov duab sensor tuaj yeem paub lub teeb band ntau dua li tib neeg lub qhov muag.Yog li ntawd, cov xim lim tau ntxiv los lim tawm lub teeb ci ntau dhau, kom cov duab sensor tuaj yeem ntes cov xwm txheej tiag tiag pom los ntawm qhov muag.
Tsav tsav nti: siv los tswj kev txav ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab tsav lub lens kom ua tiav autofocus.
Circuit board substrate: Xa cov teeb liab hluav taws xob ntawm cov duab sensor mus rau tom qab kawg.
II.Related parameters thiab nouns
1. Cov duab hom
1.1 RGB hom ntawv:
Cov hom xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, xws li RGB565 thiab RGB888;16-ntsis cov ntaub ntawv hom ntawv yog 5-ntsis R + 6-ntsis G + 5-ntsis B. G muaj ib qho ntxiv me ntsis vim tib neeg lub qhov muag yog rhiab heev rau ntsuab.
1.2 YUV format:
Luma (Y) + chroma (UV) format.YUV hais txog cov pixel hom uas qhov luminance parameter thiab chrominance parameter tau qhia cais.Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm qhov kev sib cais no yog tias nws tsis tsuas yog zam kev sib cuam tshuam, tab sis kuj txo cov chroma sampling tus nqi tsis cuam tshuam rau cov duab zoo heev.YUV is a more general term.Rau nws cov kev npaj tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Chroma (UV) txhais ob yam ntawm cov xim: xim thiab saturation, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm CB thiab CR feem.Ntawm lawv, Cr qhia txog qhov txawv ntawm qhov liab ntawm RGB input teeb liab thiab qhov ci ci ntawm RGB teeb liab, thaum Cb qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm xiav ntawm RGB input teeb liab thiab qhov ci ci ntawm RGB teeb liab.
Cov qauv qauv tseem ceeb yog YCbCr 4: 2: 0, YCbCr 4: 2: 2, YCbCr 4: 1: 1 thiab YCbCr 4: 4: 4.
1.3 RAW data format:
Daim duab RAW yog cov ntaub ntawv nyoos uas CMOS lossis CCD duab sensor hloov cov teeb liab ntes tau rau hauv cov teeb liab digital.Cov ntaub ntawv RAW yog cov ntaub ntawv uas sau cov ntaub ntawv qub ntawm lub koob yees duab digital sensor thiab qee cov metadata (xws li ISO nqis, shutter ceev, aperture tus nqi, nyiaj tshuav dawb, thiab lwm yam) tsim los ntawm lub koob yees duab.RAW yog ib hom ntawv uas tsis tau ua tiav thiab tsis tau ua tiav thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li "cov duab kos duab cov ntaub ntawv" lossis ntau dua hu ua "digital negative".Txhua pixel ntawm lub sensor sib raug rau cov xim lim, thiab cov ntxaij lim dej raug faib raws li tus qauv Bayer.Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua pixel yog tso tawm ncaj qha, uas yog RAW RGB cov ntaub ntawv
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos (Raw RGB) dhau los ua RGB tom qab kev sib cuam tshuam xim.

RAW format duab piv txwv
2. Muaj feem cuam tshuam kev ntsuas
2.1 Duab daws teeb meem:
SXGA (1280 x 1024), 1.3 megapixels
XGA (1024 x 768), 0.8 megapixels
SVGA (800 x 600), 0.5 megapixels
VGA (640x480), 0.3 megapixels (0.35 megapixels xa mus rau 648x488)
CIF (352x288), 0.1 megapixels
SIF/QVGA (320x240)
QCIF (176x144)
QSIF/QQVGA (160x120)
2.2 Xim qhov tob (tus naj npawb ntawm cov xim xim):
256 xim grey nplai, 256 hom grey (xws li dub thiab dawb).
15 lossis 16-ntsis xim (xim siab): 65,536 xim.
24-ntsis xim (xim tiag): Txhua xim xim muaj 256 qib, thiab lawv cov xim sib xyaw ua ke muaj 256 * 256 * 256 xim.
32-ntsis xim: Ntxiv rau 24-ntsis xim, 8 khoom ntxiv yog siv los khaws cov duab nraaj ntawm txheej txheej (alpha channel).
2.3 Optical zoom thiab digital zoom:
Optical zoom: Zoom hauv / tawm ntawm cov khoom koj xav tua los ntawm kev kho lub lens.Nws khaws cov pixels thiab cov duab zoo tsis hloov pauv, tab sis koj tuaj yeem nqa cov duab zoo tagnrho.Digital zoom: Tsis muaj qhov zoom tiag tiag.Nws tsuas yog siv los ntawm daim duab qub thiab zooms hauv. Qhov koj pom ntawm lub vijtsam LCD yog qhov loj, tab sis cov duab zoo tsis tau txhim kho, thiab cov pixels qis dua qhov siab tshaj plaws pixels uas koj lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem tua tau.Daim duab zoo yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, tab sis nws tuaj yeem muab qee qhov yooj yim.
2.4 Duab compression txoj kev:
JPEG/M-JPEG
H.261/H.263
MPEG
H.264
2.5 Duab nrov:
Nws hais txog lub suab nrov thiab cuam tshuam hauv daim duab thiab tshwm raws li cov suab nrov ruaj khov hauv daim duab.
2.6 Nws pib dawb tshuav nyiaj li cas:
Yooj yim muab tso rau: kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom dawb los ntawm lub koob yees duab.Cov ntsiab lus hais txog: xim kub.
2.7 Saib lub kaum ntse ntse:
Nws muaj tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li kev yees duab ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, uas tseem hu ua qhov kev pom ntau yam.
2.8 Auto focus:
Autofocus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ib qho yog autofocus raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub lens thiab cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm qhov yog tsom kom pom autofocus raws li kev pom tseeb ntawm lub vijtsam tsom (ntse algorithm).
Lus Cim: Zooming yog coj cov khoom nyob deb los ze zog.Ua kom pom tseeb yog ua kom cov duab meej.
2.9 Nws pib raug thiab Gamma:
Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm aperture thiab shutter.Aperture, shutter ceev, ISO.Gamma yog cov lus teb nkhaus ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag kom ci ntsa iab.
III.Lwm lub koob yees duab qauv